How does a criminal case generally begin?

A criminal case generally begins with the filing of formal charges by a prosecutor. This action typically follows an investigation into alleged criminal activity and may involve the presentation of evidence to a grand jury. When the prosecutor decides that there is sufficient evidence to charge an individual with a crime, they will prepare and file an official document outlining the charges against the suspect. This document is critical as it formally initiates the legal proceedings and establishes the framework for the subsequent steps in the judicial process, such as arraignment and trial.

Having a prosecutor file formal charges is a crucial step because it marks the transition from an investigation phase into the judicial process. The other options do not appropriately represent the beginning of a criminal case. For example, filing a complaint usually pertains to civil cases rather than criminal proceedings. A conviction refers to the outcome of a trial, and selecting a jury occurs later in the process, after charges have been filed and the case is prepared for trial. Thus, the initiation of a criminal case is properly characterized by the filing of formal charges by a prosecutor.