How is a civil action formally commenced?

A civil action is formally commenced by filing a complaint or petition with the court. This action initiates the legal process and sets forth the plaintiff’s claims against the defendant. The complaint outlines the nature of the dispute, the parties involved, and the relief sought. This step is crucial because it establishes the jurisdiction of the court and provides the defendant with notice of the legal action being taken against them.

Filing the complaint is the essential first step in pursuing any civil claim, as it lays the groundwork for the case and outlines the factual and legal basis for the court's involvement. Following the complaint, the defendant is then served, which is part of the process but does not in itself commence the action legally. The filing must precede any answers or jury notifications, which come later in the legal proceedings. Thus, beginning a civil action through the proper filing with the court is a foundational element of the judicial process.